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January 5, 2022

THE FEAR OF FINAL YEAR PROJECT .

THE FEAR OF FINAL YEAR PROJECT For those of us who schooled in Nigeria, especially in a public university, you will agree with me that for most students the most dreaded period of their stay on campus is during preparation to commence final year project. The stories from the older…

February 5, 2022

12 PRINCIPLES OF SUCCEEDING ON CAMPUS .

12 PRINCIPLES OF SUCCEEDING ON CAMPUS Securing admission into Nigerian tertiary institutions is one of the most amazing moments of our lives, especially for those who got admitted after their 5th or 6th trials. Be it as it may you are already in, so it doesn’t now matter the number…

February 26, 2022

HOW TO WRITE A LITERATURE REVIEW .

HOW TO WRITE A LITERATURE REVIEW Before we look at how to write a literature review; we should first understand what a research is. WHAT IS RESEARCH? Research is a scientific approach to a problem; it is an attempt to finding total or partial solution to a problem. WHAT IS…

August 25, 2022

Statement of Problem .

You should have a clear statement of problem before embarking on any academic research. When a problem is not well stated, the focus of the research will be lost. What to include in your statement of the problem Properly expression the relationship between variables. Endeavor to state the exact problem…

August 25, 2022

Scope of Study .

Scope of study? Scope of study specifies the research coverage area, it provides details of its delimitation and possibly other areas that the study may not be able to covered due to some factors which should also be mentioned. It shows your supervisor and readers the areas or population that…

August 25, 2022

Hypothesis in Research .

Research Hypothesis? Hypothesis can be defined as a tentative answer to a research problem. It is sometimes called a scientific guess work. It can also be referred as a guess about a relationship between variables. Hypothesis predicts the outcome of an investigation. I’ll give you a straight forward explanation of…

January 12, 2023

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY .

HOW TO WRITE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY IN RESEARCH Have you ever wondered why every research has a background of the study? The reason is crystal clear, one cannot carry out a study without knowing the root of the problem. Identifying the roots of the problem helps to easily ascertain…

January 12, 2023

SAMPLE OF BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY IN RESEARCH .

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Housing is one of the three (3) fundamental needs of man. It is the most important for the survival of man after food. A deficiency in housing can profoundly affect the health, welfare and productivity of man (Joseph, 2017). Aderamo (2014) opined that housing has to…

January 12, 2023

HOW TO WRITE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM IN RESEARCH .

Every research paper comes with a statement of research problem. As a student you should first identify what problem you are trying to solve before starting up with your study. The statement of problem is the issue that your research seeks to address. What then is a problem? A problem…

January 12, 2023

AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH WITH EXAMPLES .

HOW TO WRITE THE AIM OF YOUR RESEARCH A good literature review helps you develop an achievable Aim. By thoroughly studying literature written by other authors, you are equipped with good understanding of their idea, what their article is trying to relay and the gaps in their content. This gives…

January 12, 2023

RESEARCH QUESTIONS GUIDE .

RESEARCH QUESTIONS WITH SAMPLES Research questions are inquiries into something. These are questions the research seeks to answer and over which data will be collected and analyzed. Your research questions should be asked in relation with the objectives. A research question is extracted from the objectives. Meaning that if your…

January 12, 2023

FORMULATING RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS .

Research hypothesis is the tentative answer to a research problem. It is also referred as a scientific guest work. meaning; it is a testable prediction. It helps a researcher determine the relationship between two variables e.g., the relationship between demand and supply, property users and choice, property location and type…

January 12, 2023

HOW TO WRITE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY .

Meaning of Significance of the Study Significance of the study is a written statement that discusses the relevance of research to a selected group of people (beneficiaries of a study), that are directly or indirectly impacted by the outcome of a study (e.g. your population of the study, other researchers,…

January 12, 2023

SCOPE OF THE STUDY IN RESEARCH .

WRITING YOUR SCOPE OF THE STUDY Every research work must be delimited to a particular scope. Your scope of study is your coverage area, you need to limit your study to a catchment you can sufficiently handle, it must be within your capacity. The idea of wanting to cover a…

January 12, 2023

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY .

Limitation of the study are those barriers or challenges that you encountered while writing your undergraduate or postgraduate project/thesis. In the course of carrying out your study certain circumstances or challenges could cause a delay or negatively affect you (the researcher) and slow down the process of executing the study.…

January 13, 2023

DEFINITION OF RELEVANT TERMS IN RESEARCH .

There are some technical contents in your project/thesis topic which contextual meaning may not be well understood by the ordinary man. So, you are expected to define these in a way that readers can understand and flow with. Definition of relevant terms is the process of simplifying the meaning of…

January 13, 2023

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY OR PLAN OF THE STUDY .

Overview of the study is also referred to as plan of the study, it deals on the various areas to be treated in your project/thesis. All you are required to do is to state the sections under each chapter (chapter one to chapter five or six). Plan of the study…

January 13, 2023

SAMPLE OF LITERATURE REVIEW .

NOTE: Due to the volume of this chapter, only a fraction of the literature review will be provided, the essence of this sample is to show how the key words are used in developing literature review and guide you to develop yours. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter deals with the review…

January 13, 2023

LITERATURE REVIEW IN RESEARCH .

WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW? This involves reading and appraising what other people have written about your subject area. It can be both descriptive and analytical. That is; a description of other people’s work and analyzing the contribution of others with a view to identify similarities and contradictions made by different…

January 13, 2023

STEPS FOR WRITING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IN RESEARCH .

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Theoretical framework is the main foundation and basis of your study. It helps to strengthen your study by connecting your study to an existing knowledge. It is the act of citing and discussing relevant theories to back up your study and form a foundation for variables. This further…

January 13, 2023

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK .

PROCEDURE FOR WRITING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK IN RESEARCH Conceptual Framework are detailed write-ups emanating from studies and review of materials (literature) by other scholars. It’s a way of showing the relationship between variables, identifying comparison, similarities and criticism between authors so as to extract gaps in literature. Construction of conceptual frame…

January 13, 2023

EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK FORMAT .

EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK IN RESEARCH Empirical Framework is the review of empirical evidence. It is one which is verifiable by personal observations and opinions rather than mere theory. Empirical studies involve the use of various available data and evidences from journals to carry out a study. The study looks at previous…

January 13, 2023

CHOOSING AN APPROPRIATE RESEARCH DESIGN TO ADOPT .

Choosing an appropriate research design to adopt should be the first thing you want to do before starting an academic research endeavor. This can also be referred to as research strategy or the pattern of questioning your research objectives. It determines how data will be collected and analyzed in research.…

January 13, 2023

RE-STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .

Re-statement of the problem helps you to remind your readers the major problems that led you into carrying out the study. You don’t have to copy and paste the statement of the problem from chapter one “as most would do” what you should do here is to summarize the problem,…

January 13, 2023

HOW TO WRITE DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA IN RESEARCH .

DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA Description of the study area is the act of describing the characteristics, qualities and physical features of an area, location, neighbourhood, city or community that is being studied or investigated for research purposes. Describing a study area is an important part of research, not just…

January 13, 2023

POPULATION OF THE STUDY .

POPULATION OF THE STUDY Your population of the study are the specific people or event which your study intends to collect data from. These are people directly affected by the problem your research is trying to solve. Your population of the study can easily be identified during your literature review.…

January 13, 2023

SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE .

DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE The sample size is the number of individuals included in the research to represent the population of the study. Because the population of the study may sometimes be large, it might be difficult to collect data from; you will need to reduce the size of the…

January 13, 2023

SAMPLING IN RESEARCH .

Sampling: Sampling is the process of selecting a group of individuals from a population to study and collect data from them and use the data collected to represent the entire population if they were to be studied as a whole. Let’s know what a sample is? The term sample is…

January 13, 2023

DATA COLLECTION METHODS IN RESEARCH .

Scientific problems are only solved on the basis of data. A major responsibility of the researcher is to bring up a research design which is capable of providing data (information) necessary for the solution of a problem. Data are information gather in the course of the research. Data collection is…

January 13, 2023

INSTRUMENTS OF DATA COLLECTION .

Instruments of data collection are tools and materials with which you collect data for your research. There are variety of instruments in research parlance. Here we’ll look at a number of them. Note that the instrument you adopt in collecting data is solely dependent on the type of research you’re…

January 13, 2023

METHOD OF DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS .

After gathering data through the various sources of data collection, you will be expected to collate the data retrieved and present in an orderly and understandable format; this is where data presentation and analysis come in. Data presentation is the process of presenting your data with use of tables so…

January 13, 2023

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS IN RESEARCH .

After gathering data from your various sources; you will be expected to collate the data retrieved and present in a simple, orderly and understandable format; this is where data presentation and analysis come in. Data presentation is the process of presenting your data with use of tables so that readers…

January 13, 2023

TEST OF HYPOTHESIS .

How to Test Research Hypothesis Research hypothesis is a tentative answer to a research problem. It is also referred as a scientific guest work. meaning; it is a testable prediction. It helps a researcher determine the relationship between two variables e.g., the relationship between demand and supply; property users and…

January 13, 2023

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .

The summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation forms part of chapter five in most BS.c and MS.c projects. These are three sections in one chapter though interrelated. Every good research must end with the following sub-headings; THE SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: This gives the reader a summarized version of your findings…

January 13, 2023

STAGES OF COLLECTING RELEVANT RESEARCH DATA .

There are necessary stages for collecting relevant data in research which you must uphold if proper data must be gathered. Sometimes relevant information needed for research may not be readily available within the purview of literature gathered and reviewed; at every point in your research journey, there’s always a time…

January 13, 2023

QUESTIONNAIRE IN RESEARCH .

A questionnaire is a research tool which contains series of questions used in collecting relevant information from respondents during research. Questionnaire is the next document to be drafted immediately after listing your aim and objectives. A few Things to Consider Before Drafting Your Research Questionnaire; Decide on The Appropriate Questionnaire…

January 13, 2023

QUESTIONNAIRE COVER LETTER .

Your questionnaire cover letter is the first thing respondents would see before opening and providing answers to your questionnaire… Drafting your questionnaire cover letter comes immediately after preparing the questionnaire. It must have questions related to your topic, aim and objectives of the study. The options in close-ended questionnaires are…

January 13, 2023

RESEARCH APPENDIX .

Appendix is the final page where you list additional information as backup to the actual research project. This section contains relevant materials that might be too large or detailed to have been included in your main body of research, it is a support to contents and data in your research…

January 14, 2023

REFERENCES .

References provide complete details of materials studied, quoted or paraphrased during research. The purpose of the reference list is to allow readers have access to sources of information cited in your actual research papers or project. It is an acknowledgement of the various authors whose materials was quoted, summarized, paraphrased…

January 14, 2023

SAMPLE OF RESEARCH ABSTRACT .

Below is sample of a research abstract... ABSTRACT Housing is one of the most important needs of man after food. The need for a suitable accommodation has brought about user preference on available housing facilities in Enugu metropolis. The research objectives are hereby to identify the types of residential property…

January 14, 2023

RESEARCH ABSTRACT .

HOW TO WRITE AN ABSTRACT IN RESEARCH The abstract is the first page a reader will see after the table of content. An abstract is a brief summary of a research paper, it provides the reader with details of the full research project, thesis, journal etc. without having to flip…

complete research project/thesis in 14days

January 14, 2023

HOW TO COMPLETE YOUR PROJECT/THESIS IN 14DAYS .

Completing your project/thesis in 14days is possible if only you can adopt and use the strategies that i have provided herein. I’m sure you are wondering how you can achieve this in 14days. Here’s the hack; in the past 3years I have coached students across Africa on a proven strategy…

January 14, 2023

SAMPLING ERROR .

Sampling error is the difference between the result obtained from a sample and that which could have been obtained if the entire population is used. It is measured by the standard error of the statistics in terms of probability under normal curve. This could also occur when the complete survey…

January 14, 2023

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF MEASURING INSTRUMENT .

During research, it is of great importance for the researcher to discuss the degree of validity and reliability of measuring instrument in research. To improve the reliability of data collection instrument, the researcher has to do the following: To adopt a test and re-test administration, if the researcher is using…

January 14, 2023

DATA COLLECTION TOOLS IN RESEARCH .

COMMON TOOLS USED TO COLLECT DATA BY RESEARCHERS Instruments of data collection are the tools or means of collecting data or information during research. The quality of the instrument used determines the quality of data to be collected. There are five basic instruments for data collection: Personal observationInterviewQuestionnaireDocumentProject techniqueExperiment Personal…

January 16, 2023

HOW TO ORGANIZE LITERATURE REVIEW .

To organize literature review there are various methods one can adopt. We will be looking at two main methods or style of organizing your literature reviews: Chronological method: This method lays emphasis on date or periods within which existing works were carried out. For example, a literature review focused on…

May 2, 2023

21 COMPULSORY PROJECT DEFENSE QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS .

Knowing the likely project defense questions and answers will help in boosting your confidence and prepare you for the exercise. After successfully completing your final year project, it is sacrosanct that your supervisor signs the approval page in the preliminary section for onwards preparation to defend a project. To a…

May 3, 2023

PROJECT TOPIC .

A major challenge students face when it comes to final year project is project topic selection, for a fact; your decision on the topic to submit to your department for consideration marks the beginning of your failure or success. The topic you select has the capacity of determining your grade…

May 4, 2023

WHAT IS RESEARCH .

Research is an inquiry into something which involves collecting information and drawing conclusions. It’s about examination and analysis of information. Two phrases to take out of this definition are (a) collection, examination and analysis of information (b) drawing of conclusions. Research is about information (i.e., data) rather than mere assumptions.…

May 4, 2023

CHALLENGES IN PROJECT WRITING .

Challenges in project writing Project writing comes with a lot of peculiar challenges, the challenges you face at postgraduate level is akin to that faced at undergraduate level. A list of problems faced during project writing include; Financial Challenge: Financial challenge is a common problem with virtually all students irrespective…

June 20, 2023

Why People Do Research? .

The following are highlights to the reasons why people do research. While some are for academic purpose others are merely to establish personal opinion, conclusion or argument for or against selected fields of endeavors or discipline. People embark on research for the following reasons: To get research degree (e.g. Ph.D.)…

June 20, 2023

Difference Between Quantitative and Qualitative Research .

The underlined is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research Quantitative ResearchQualitative ResearchObjective is to test hypotheses that the researcher generatesObjective is to discover and encapsulate meanings once the researcher becomes immersed in the data.Concepts are in the form of distinct variablesConcepts tend to be in the form of themes,…

July 29, 2023

How to Dress for a Project Defense .

How to Dress for a Project Defense It will amaze you to know that about 20 per cent of the marks awarded during final year project defense go-to dressing, surprised. Yes. One of the reasons for project defense is to prepare students for the future when they must have graduated…

August 13, 2023

How to Write Justification of the Study in Research .

The justification of the study is also referred to as the rationale for the study. It is what inspired you to research a given topic. As students, it is very important to know that research writing is not just one of the things we do for leisure, research is a…

September 11, 2023

How to Write Acknowledgement for Project .

Start with a Grateful Tone To write acknowledgement for project you should ensure that the tone of your acknowledgement is genuine and appreciative. Begin by expressing your sincere gratitude to the people and entities who have supported and inspired you throughout your project. Keep in mind that this is not…

September 11, 2023

Why You Keep Failing At School .

The only reason for failure at school is if adequate time isn’t put into studying. Studying at school is part of the activities that every “good” student should invest in. If you look back at how you were able to journey up to a higher institution you will see how…

September 11, 2023

How to Prepare For a Project Defense .

Project defence is sacrosanct. It’s an activity that must take place to determine the capability and authenticity of the author of a research paper. This is usually done at the end of an academic period or at the final lap of the final year at school. It is essential to…

November 9, 2023

Reasons for Choosing a Study Area in Research .

A study area in research is a specific location, neighbourhood, community or city that is of interest to a student or researcher to find a particular problem and recommend ways to solve the problem. The student’s project topic has to focus on the particular problem that has to be solved…

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