Posted: 2022 | Pages: 102 | Format: MS Word | Chapters: 1-5 | Others: Questionnaires & References

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ABSTRACT

Degradation occurs when earth’s natural resources such as water, air and soil are depleted.  Other contributory factors are urbanization, population growth, economic growth, intensification of agriculture, increase in energy use, as well as increase in transportation. The overall aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of environmental degradation on property values in Peter Okoye Street Uwani, Enugu. The objectives of the study are; to find out the causes of environmental degradation in peter Okoye street, Uwani, Enugu, to ascertain the effect or impact of environmental degradation on property value, to ascertain the effort of government and property owners in controlling environmental degradation, to find out the perception of the residents of affected areas, to make recommendations on how to enhance the value of properties in affected areas. Survey research design was adopted. 250 questionnaires were distributed while a total of 220 questionnaires were returned. Data were presented in tables and analyzed with percentages; the hypothesis was tested with Chi-Square (x²). The findings show that environmental degradation in peter Okoye street is caused by a combination of flooding, erosion, excavation, population explosion, solid waste and human activities, there are laid down regulations by the government to ensure safety of the environment which are always flouted by property developers/owner, among the factors that influence property value in Peter Okoye Street Uwani are location, design, aesthetics and infrastructure. It recommends that ESWAMA waste bins should be provided at convenient locations, Government should encourage recycling activities and maintain proper waste disposal. It concludes that companies, organizations and individuals must also ensure that their work is environmentally friendly and sustainable.

CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Environmental problems have assumed serious proportions in the country as a result of rapid industrialization, urban population explosion, increase in commercial activities, exploitation of mineral and forest resources, etc. The Federal Government launched an environmental planning and protection initiative in the early seventies to prevent the negative impact of these developments on the human and natural resources of the nation.

In Nigeria today, the need for comprehensive surveillance and management of the environment is a foregone conclusion, however, it is the development of appropriate policies, programs and institutional arrangements to tackle the known problems of the environment confronting the country today, and to prevent or mitigate others that may be inherent in the future socio- economic development of the nations. Indeed, the fiscal allocation for solving the continuing ecology written specifically into the national revenue allocation formula is a reflection of the national consciousness regarding environmental considerations, as a way of improving and sustaining the ecosystem, which forms the basis of the economic growth and social development of the nation. Furthermore, as a result of this awareness, the Federal ministry of works and housing commissioned an environmental sector plan to cover the period 1984 to 1995 because of the belief that only a reasonably long-term sector plan can make optimum impact on the nation and its resources.

In discussing briefly the existing legislation on the environment and resources management and the existing institutional arrangement for the administration of the laws, their impact so far, as well as options for environment and national resource management for development in the country.

The first important step taken by the Federal Government was the participation of the country in the United Nations Conference on the problems of the Human Environment, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1972, which provided Nigeria an opportunity to diagnose its environmental problems. Awareness of the existence of these problems committee on the environment, which was later replaced by the environmental planning and protection Division of the Federal Ministry was created. The second and more significant initiative by the Federal Government was in the area of policy development on the environment during the third National Development Plan period when the Government expressed its concern for the need to protect the environment, out to incorporate considerations unto planning and policy making so that national development and economic growth and prosperity may  proceed and be accompanied by the improvement  in the quality of life for all without environmental degradation. The plan called for efforts to grapple effectively with the country’s environmental problems to enhance the quality of life for all and this was emphasized  in the fourth National  development plan from 1981 – 1985, which called for the introduction of an  efficient environmental management system throughout the country by introducing environmental considerations unto the normal economic and social activities, especially at the  planning stage  so that the environmental adverse consequences of such activities can be  anticipated and minimized. The plan also called for increased attention to provide the infrastructure for environmental assessment and management, particularly with respect to the secondary problems of environmental pollution from industrial activities as they affect land, water, air and noise pollution, natural disasters such as floods, solid erosion and desert encroachment. These guidelines further directed that the environmental characteristics of the country should be documented to achieve a meaningful environmental management.

To enhance environmental conservation and prevent degradation, the next plan called for steps to ensure environmental planning as an integral part of all project planning by government agencies. In this regard the plan called for the development of an Environmental Impact Statement (TIS) in feasibility studies for all projects, both private and government, that the statement should mitigate adverse environmental problems associated with the project.

After toxic waste was dumped in koko, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), set up centre to be handling waste, especially hazardous waste, at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria which is headed by Professor Oladele Osibanjo and Dr. Evans Anna, Federal Environmental Protection Agency, (FEPA), the former   was part of the team involved in the   decontamination process of koko town. The centre was set three years ago.

The Federal Ministry of Environment was established at the inception of the civilian Administration, under the leadership of Chief Olusegun Obasanjo in June 1999, to ensure effective coordination of all environmental matters, the creation was intended to ensure that environmental matters are adequately mainstreaming into all developmental activities. In line with the above and in consonance with the Administration’s Policy trust or Environmental Renewal and Development Initiative (E.R.D.I).  The ministry has the following mandate for Federal and State level to prepare a comprehensive national policy for the protection of the environment and conservation of natural resources, including procedures for environmental impact assessment of all developing project.  Also to prepare in accordance with the National Policy on Environment, periodic master plans for redevelopment of environment, and advise the Federal Government on the financial requirements for the implementation of such plan, to cooperate with federal and state ministries, local government, statutory bodies and research agencies on matters and facilities relating to the protection of the environment and the conservation of natural resources.  Prescribe standards for and make regulations on water quality, efficient limitations, quality, atmosphere protection, zone protection, noise control as well as the removal and control of hazardous substances to monitor and enforce environmental protection measures.  The parastatals for the ministry of environment are:

1. National park service (NPS)
2. Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN)
3. National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA)
4. Environmental Health Officers Registration Council (EHORECON)
5. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA)

Enugu State is in the South – East geographical zone of Nigeria – it was created on August 27, 1991 with Enugu City as its capital.  The state derives its name Enugu (Hill Top) from the capital city which was established in 1909 as small coal mining town.

From Enugu the British administration was able to spread its influence over the Southern province of Nigeria. The colonial past of Enugu is today evidence by the Georgian Building types of Machining narrow road within the residential area originally reserved for the whites, an area which is today called the Government Reserved Area (GRA) from being the capital of the Southern Province, Enugu became the capital of the Eastern region (now divided into many state) and capital of the Defunct Republic of Biafra.   Thereafter it became the capital of East Central State, Anambra State, and now the present Enugu State through a process of state creation and diffusion of administrative authority.

A traditional Enugu man is hospital, warm and enterprising. The state is predominately occupied by the Igbo ethnic group with some pockets of Igala speaking communities of Ette in Igbo-Eze North L.G.A, Ogurugu and Oyyor in Uzo-Uwani L.G.A.  respectively,  Enugu State shares boarders with Abia State and Imo State to South, Ebonyi State to the East, Bende State to the North East, Kogi State to the North West and Anambra State to the  West.

The state is located in a tropical rain forest zone with humid climate, the mean daily temperature is 26.7^oc (80. 1^of). As in the rest of West Africa, the raining season and dry seasons are the only weather periods that recurs in the state.

The state Government and the Local Government are the two levels of government in Enugu State, as in all other states of Nigeria. Sullivan Chime is the current Executive Governor of Enugu State. He was first elected in April 2007 and was sworn into office on May 29^th, 2007. He re-contested the position in 2011 and was re-reelected. The governor has a group of commissioners, who oversee government portfolios such as Health, Housing Education, works etc.  Both the governor and the commissioners are executive council of Enugu State. The seat of government is based at the Government House, Enugu.

There are 17 local Government Area in Enugu State, which are  Aninri, Agwu, Enugu  East, Enugu North, Enugu South , Ezeagu, Igbo Etiti , Igbo – Eze North, Igbo-Eze South, Isi-uzo, Nkanu East, Nkanu West, Nsukka, Oji-River, Udenu, Udi, Uz, Enugu North, Enugu South , Ezeagu, Igbo Etiti , Igbo – Eze North, Igbo-Eze South, Isi-uzo, Nkanu East, Nkanu West, Nsukka, Oji-River, Udenu, Udi, Uzo-Uwani.

Enugu South, Is a Local Government area of Enugu State, Nigeria, its headquarter are in the town of Uwani, it has an area of 67km² and a population of 198, 723 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 400.

The Enugu, town Enugu (143,000 in 1963), the  administrative capital of the  east central state, owes its origin and early growth, residential areas of Asata, Uwani, and Ogui- Nike which has growth up to provide accommodation for the people.